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Managing Milkers At Turnout

Spring grass is attractive as a low cost feed for dairy cows. But how do we manage high yielding herds that wish to graze?

The first question is what cows are suitable for grazing? Dry cows (both far-off and close-up) and early lactation cows are often much easier to manage on a housed diet. Mid and late lactation cows are often the best candidates for grazing – safely back in calf and past peak milk production.

Spring grass has a high crude protein content and often drives excessive body condition loss in early lactation cows. This can have a negative knock-on effect on future health & fertility and increase the likelihood of these cows being culled.

Buffer feeding around turnout is essential – this will naturally happen as cows will be housed at night after milking but to drive intakes, introducing the buffer TMR before milking can be very beneficial.

In wet conditions, bring cows back in after 3 – 4 hours at grass. This protects the grassland and cows will generally have eaten 80 – 90% of their grass allowance at this stage.

Remember to check what the cows are telling you? Monitor rumen fill and dung consistency, look out for cud balls and check milk fats and proteins to ensure cows are happy and productive!

NEW purpose-built farm building for 2023

We are thrilled to announce that we have plans for a new purpose-built farm building. Our practice has expanded significantly in all sectors since we started off in the original building many, many years ago, and our farm department in particular was in need of more space.

The building will include a surgical suite, laboratory and large meeting room as well as a farm-only reception area and dispensary. We look forward to welcoming you into our new home!

Salmonella case report

We recently diagnosed Salmonella Dublin on a farm which was experiencing an increase in the number of sick cows, abortions, calf scour and pneumonia and calf mortality. We had been suspicious of Salmonella for some time. A bulk tank test showed moderate levels of exposure, but we had not been able to isolate the bacteria on farm to confirm it was active and determine which Salmonella species was involved.

A sick cow presented with severe diarrhoea and dehydration which despite aggressive treatment died. A faecal sample was taken from which Salmonella Dublin was isolated.

Salmonella Dublin is one of the most common cow-adapted strains of Salmonella. Several other strains may also be isolated in cattle and it is important to determine which strain is present. Cattle can become carriers of Salmonella Dublin and shed the bacteria intermittently, particularly during periods of stress such as calving. This often leads to disease being seen primarily in the calves.

Many of the control measures implemented around calving to control Johne’s disease are effective in reducing the transmission of Salmonella. Maintaining a clean hygienic calving environment is particularly important. The frequency of cleaning out and disinfecting the calving pens was increased and a new policy of removing calves from their dams as soon as possible was adopted.

The herd was vaccinated including the in-calf heifers. The primary course consists of two-doses given at a three-week interval followed by an annual booster. In addition to the improvements to calving management, vaccination greatly reduced the incidence of disease, which was quickly noticeable in the calves.

It’s not every day you come across an animal with an extra digit!

It’s not every day you come across an animal with an extra digit!

1 year old beltex gimmer lamb recently presented with an extra toe – also known as polydactyly.

Xrays were taken here at our Goosnargh practice and Oakhill Farm Vet, Amy Bowers operated to remove the extra structure. Without removal, the lamb was a risk of it getting caught and sustaining trauma.

The lamb is now recovering well.

Get on top of flies, before they get on top of you

With warmer weather comes the dreaded flies. Flies tend to start breeding
around the end of March/April time (NOW!).

Not only do flies transmit diseases such as summer Mastitis and New Forest Eye, they can negatively impact on milk production (up to 0.5L/day) and growth rates (up to 0.3kg/day) through worrying animals.

In addition, they can cause signifi cant disrupti on during milking. Early intervention is key to control fly populations on farm as fly numbers exponentially grow throughout the summer; population explosions! Females can lay anywhere from 350 to 900 eggs in their lifetime and can produce up to 12 generations in one summer.

Adult flies are only 15% of the population with the remaining 85% at the larval stage so by the time you visibly see flies their populati on has already exploded. After hatching, a female fly can lay eggs as soon as two weeks later!

Control
On farm control involves addressing flies both at source and at cow level.

The female fly will lay eggs in a warm, moist environment such as manure heaps, soiled straw, waste silage, brewers’ grains and other rotting organic matter. Particular hot spots on farm include the edge of the bedded pens and in calf housing. Calf pens are often prolific breeding areas as they have an abundance of pen edges, animals to bite, manure and milk. Focusing efforts to improve hygiene in these areas will reduce the number of available breeding sites. Applying products such as fly parasites or insect growth regulators can help depress larval progression.

In terms of treatment at cow level, pour on products are readily available. Spotinor is a pour on product with a standard 10ml dose per cow. It affords protection for 4-8 weeks pending challenge on farm. The product carries zero milk and 17 day meat withhold.

Our Vet Tech service can administer Spotinor to your animals as part of a bespoke on-farm fly control programme this summer. For £1.44/head the Vet Tech’s will visit your farm 3 ti mes over the fly season to apply the product, saving you both time and money by only paying for what you need.

In order to qualify for the Vet Tech service cattle need to be presented through a handling system or locking feed barrier. Spotinor is also available to purchase separately at a very competitive price. Please speak to the practice for further information on our competitive fly control package.

Nematodirus battus

What are the effects of Nematodirus battus?

  • Causes diarrhoea, weight loss, dehydration and death
  • Usually in lambs eating grass at 6-12 weeks of age
  • High-risk lambs are ones challenged concurrently by coccidiosis, newly weaned, triplets or had low colostrum intake
  • On pasture grazed by lambs last spring
  • Lamb-lamb spread, adults are immune
  • A sudden cold snap followed by a warm period causes the eggs to all hatch together after over-wintering on the pasture
  • The faecal egg count doesn’t rise in a flock sometimes until days-weeks after exposure as it is larval stages causing disease, so a FEC in early spring can be a false negative if clinical signs are being seen
  • Acts rapidly and can cause high incidence of lamb mortality

What you can do to avoid Nematodirus affecting your flock:

Mission Christmas Gift Appeal

Once again Oakhill Veterinary Centre will be taking part in Rock FM’s Mission Christmas Gift Appeal 2019, in aid of Cash for Kids, who make sure Christmas gifts get to disadvantaged children in the area.

All 4 of our branches will be gift collection points.

If you’d like to donate a gift, it should be new and unwrapped (no food or chocolate please) and be with us by Monday 16th December at the latest so we can get them to Mission Christmas HQ in time.

Further information is available on the link below, including gift ideas (from birth to 18 years):

https://planetradio.co.uk/rock-fm/charity/events/mission-christmas-lancashire/

Thank you!

No Deal Brexit

Exporting animals and animal products in a no-deal Brexit…

In the event of a no deal Brexit all export to the EU will require Export health certificate (EHC), which will need applying for in advance. Export health certificate can be found on the gov.uk website: https://www.gov.uk/export-health-certificates

Goods may require checks at border inspection posts (BIP), which are currently being built in preparation for leaving the EU. If your product is required to go through a BIP it will occur at the first EU country it enters. You will have to ensure the BIP can accept your product type and that your EU based import agents has notified them (through the EU’s Trade Control and Expert System (TRACES)) when your consignment is arriving (verifying with the BIP, beforehand, how much notification they will require). Check the list of existing EU BIPs, and the products they accept, as your trade route may need redirecting.

If your product isn’t required to go through a BIP, ensure your EU based import agent notifies the competent authority of the EU state of the products destination and the EU port/airport, within the time limits set out by the competent authority.

For exporting to the EU you will have to comply with wider HMRC guidance on custom requirements:

  • Your business needs a EORI (economic operator registration and identification) number that starts with GB
  • You need to check your imported has an EU EORI number. If you are exporting to your own business within the EU you will need to get an EU EORI number from customs authority in any EU country.
  • Decide who will make the export declaration (will you do it yourself or hire someone – this will involve submitting a customs declaration https://www.gov.uk/guidance/customs-declarations-for-goods-taken-out-of-the-eu?step-by-step-nav=e169b2ac-8c90-4789-8e6c-3657729e21b2)
  • Decide if you want to export your goods using transit, you may be able to use common transit convention to simplify how your goods pass-through customs and when your importer pays customs duties.
  • Check the rate of tax and duty for your goods
  • Check what you need to do for the type of goods you export
  • Find out how changes to VAT will affect you
  • Decide who will transport your goods outside the UK

There is unlikely to be any change to exporting products to non-EU countries. However, if the product transit through the EU you will need both an EU transit certificated and EHC for the final destination. You will also need an EU importer who will take responsibility for the consignment while transiting the EU.

The European Commission will vote, before Brexit, whether to list the UK as a third country and allow exports of live animals, POAO (products of animal origin) and ABPs (animal by products).

You will need to be listed as an approved establishment with the EU if you:

  • Export POAO incl. red/white meat, fish/ fish products, dairy or egg products.
  • Some live animals and ABPs direct to the EU
  • Supply other UK establishments that export their goods to the EU

The current list of UK ABPs premises will be accepted in a no deal Brexit.

Documents for transport issued by the UK will only be valid in the UK and NOT in the EU.

If you wish to discuss further, please get in touch with our Export Team.

Please visit the following link for more information: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/exporting-animals-animal-products-fish-and-fishery-products-if-the-uk-leaves-the-eu-with-no-deal

RAM FERTILITY & MOT

Ram Fertility & MOT

With tupping time approaching it is time to take an important look at your rams. Their performance over a few months of the year will contribute significantly to the profitability of your sheep business over the next 12 months.

Ram fertility testingThe rams will have to work hard during the tupping period and if they’re not on top form fertility is likely to suffer. A general MOT is the best place to start – are the rams healthy and can any problems be corrected? After which, we need to know if they are fertile. Checks need to be made early in the run up to tupping to allow plenty of time to correct any problems.

 


RAM MOT – the 5 ‘T’s

How to check your ram…

tup testing• TOES

Check his locomotion, arthritis and feet.

• TEETH

Check for under/overshot teeth, gaps and molar abscesses.

• TESTICLES

Measure and check firmness and for lumps and bumps. 
Did you know that the testicle tone of a healthy ram, should be that of a tensed bicep?

• TONE

Aim for body condition score of 3.5 – 4.

• TREAT

Vaccinations (Clostridia, Pasteurella, Louping Ill), parasites and lameness.

After a general MOT, we need to know if the ram is fertile….

WHAT DOES RAM FERTILITY TESTING INVOLVE?

 

• EXAMINATION OF GENITALIA – the testes are examined for any abnormalities. Scrotal circumference is measured, when it comes to fertility the bigger the better!

 

• COLLECTION OF A SEMEN SAMPLE – a semen sample is collected by inserting a probe into the rectum and applying a voltage. This may make your eyes water but causes minimal discomfort.

 

• EXAMINATION OF SEMEN/SPERM SAMPLE – any abnormalities such as low sperm count, poor swimmers, abnormal sperm and infection can be seen. The sample is examined on site so we can give you an answer straight away.

 

For more information or to book a ram in for tup testing, please contact the Oakhill Farm Team.

 

 

RCVS Accredited


RCVS accredited – What does that mean?

What is the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons’ Practice Standards Scheme?


The Practice Standards Scheme (PSS) is a voluntary accreditation scheme for veterinary practices. It was set up by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) in 2005 to promote and maintain high standards in veterinary care. The Scheme does this by setting standards and inspecting the practices that choose to take part.

RCVS Accredited Practice LogoAll RCVS-accredited practices have to meet Core standards, including hygiene, health and safety, clinical governance and the facilities provided. On top of this ‘Core’ accreditation, General Practices can gain species – or discipline-specific accreditations, for example, small animals, farm animals, equine patients.

Oakhill Veterinary Centre is RCVS accredited for all 3 divisions (small animal, farm animal and equine).

 

To maintain the accreditation, practices are inspected by RCVS Assessors every four years and there are random spot checks.

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It can be hard for owners to know what happens behind the scenes at the vets so the scheme can reassure people about hygiene and facilities available at an individual practice.

If you have any questions about the RCVS Practice Standards Scheme you can visit their website: https://animalowners.rcvs.org.uk/accredited-practices/about-the-practice-standards-scheme/